Participants observed a reduction in the perceived retributive nature of an agent when that agent considered the true self as possessing positive qualities (in contrast to negative ones). Glutathione clinical trial These findings significantly contribute to the scholarly literature on lay theories regarding punishment motivations and show a connection between religious and moral thought.
The number of children and adolescents diagnosed with type 2 diabetes is on the rise, a problem partly rooted in the obesogenic environment they experience. The unfortunate trend of rising type 2 diabetes cases is particularly noticeable in adolescent girls and in non-white children and young people. Diagnosing, treating, and managing type 2 diabetes in children and young people presents numerous hurdles, particularly because the condition can cause severe complications and frequently induces significant anxiety and stress in patients and their families. Type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents presents numerous challenges for them, their families, and caregivers. This article suggests support strategies for nurses to implement in order to encourage optimal self-management and care.
China's unique therapeutic drugs include Chinese patent medicines (CPMs). To cultivate high-caliber CPMs, the development and refinement of evaluation standards are essential. This 2022 study proposes “high-quality evaluation criteria for CPMs based on whole process control,” drawing from the 2018 “evaluation criteria of high-grade CPMs with quality as the core index” established by our group. A delineation of the new criteria's scope of applicability and underlying principles was provided. The new quality standards have created a scoring system, which is broken down into five parts: the selection of raw materials, the production process itself, the quality control protocols, the evaluation of effectiveness, and the development of the brand image. In the new evaluation criteria, the technical evaluation indexes' weight has increased significantly from 20% to 70%, and efficacy evaluation has been integrated as a new measure. Subjective evaluation indicators, a substantial component of the original criteria, are vulnerable to bias. The refined criteria effectively compensate for this limitation. The new criteria, forming the basis for selection, are expected to enhance the quality of CPM products, stimulating enterprise and institutional participation in evaluation and research, and fostering the high-quality development of CPMs.
For high-quality decoction of Chinese materia medica (CMM) processed products, precise slicing is paramount, with the thickness of the slice being a critical specification. By examining the historical Chinese herbal classics and local processing standards, this study elucidates the concept and evolution of slicing CMM processed products, details the developmental history of slicing specifications in the 2020 Chinese Pharmacopoeia, assesses the current state and key challenges, and proposes strategies for promoting responsible slicing practices in CMM processed products. The 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia's stipulations for slicing thickness of CMM-processed products have been mirrored in the general rules for local CMM processed product processing, consistently applied across 27 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities since 2000. early response biomarkers Rarely is the standard of extremely thin pieces' thickness being under 0.5mm adhered to; moreover, pieces measuring between 0.5mm and 1mm are not prevalent on the market, which aligns with the stipulations outlined in the general rules of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. This study offers a historical and modern perspective on the rationale behind slicing CMM-processed products.
To understand the fundamental framework and data attributes of Tibetan medicinal prescriptions, this study was undertaken. The 11 Tibetan medical classics, exemplified by the Four Medical Canons (Si Bu Yi Dian), were the basis for gathering the information about Tibetan medicine prescriptions. An optimal classification approach served to clarify the information structure within Tibetan medical prescriptions, identifying core problems and solutions throughout the stages of data collection, standardization, translation, and analysis. A dataset of 11,316 prescriptions was documented, comprising 139,011 individual items and 63,567 reports regarding the efficacy of the drugs within those prescriptions. Tibetan medicinal prescriptions are organized using a 'seven-in-one' framework ('serial number-source-name-composition-efficacy-appendix-remarks') and 18 expanded layers; this structure details inheritance, processing, origin, dosage, and semantic elements. This study leveraged the framework to develop a 'historical timeline' method for extracting the origin of prescription inheritance, a 'one body, five layers' model for specifying prescription characteristics, a 'link-split-link' technique for constructing efficacy data, and a state-of-the-art algorithm for Tibetan prescription knowledge discovery. The 'three factors', 'five sources', and 'Ro-nus-zhu-rjes' theories of Tibetan medicine shape the distinct features and benefits observed in its prescriptions. This study, analyzing Tibetan medicine prescriptions, developed a multifaceted data architecture with multiple attributes. This architecture will produce new methods and models for building databases of Tibetan medicine prescriptions, facilitating knowledge discovery. The proposed structure will enhance consistency and interoperability between Tibetan medicine prescription data and standard formats across different levels, ultimately connecting traditional and modern perspectives. This will aim to achieve a 'historical-contemporary link', clean the underlying data, and promote data sharing, driving the advancement of information technology and modernization within the study of Tibetan medicine prescriptions.
To examine the recent ten-year landscape of research on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) interventions for Alzheimer's disease (AD), a bibliometric approach was adopted in this study, aiming to uncover the research status, key areas of interest, and prospective directions within the domestic and international spheres. The pertinent body of work, encompassing publications from January 1, 2012, to August 15, 2022, was retrieved from the Web of Science and CNKI databases. For a visual examination of authors, nations, institutions, keywords, journals, and more, CiteSpace 61R2 and VOSviewer 16.15 were employed. Amongst the researched material, 2,254 articles were in Chinese and 545 in English. The number of published articles increased steadily over the years, punctuated by some uneven changes. Regarding the number of relevant articles published and centrality, China held the top position. SUN Guo-jie, the most prolific author of Chinese articles, and WANG Qi, the most prolific author of English articles, were noted. With respect to Chinese publications, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine held the top spot in output, while Beijing University of Chinese Medicine published the most in English. Articles with exceptional citation frequency and notable centrality were selected for publication in the Journal of Ethnopharmacology and Neuroscience Letters. The keywords suggest that research on TCM's AD treatment primarily centers on its mechanisms and therapeutic approaches. The investigation into the mechanism of action centered on the intricate connections of metabolomics, intestinal flora, oxidative stress, tau hyperphosphorylation, amyloid-beta (Aβ), inflammatory cytokines, and autophagy. Kidney deficiency, phlegm stasis, and the revitalization of the mind through dredging the governor vessel were key areas of clinical research interest, prominently featured in acupuncture studies. This research domain continues to be a frontier of exploration and development. To enhance basic research on TCM for AD treatment, inter-institutional collaboration and knowledge exchange are vital. This approach will produce high-quality evidence while shedding light on the pathogenesis and the prescription mechanisms.
For this study, a comprehensive search of literature concerning the research on Polygalae Radix was performed on the Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Through a meticulous manual screening process, 1,207 Chinese articles and 263 English articles were chosen for this investigation. To represent the annual tally of significant publications, a line chart was created using Excel. To visually analyze author networks, affiliations, keyword relationships, clusters, and significant periods in Polygalae Radix research, CiteSpace 61.R3 was employed. Published articles, specifically those in Chinese and English, exhibited a linear increase, signifying the escalating research popularity of Polygalae Radix. Amongst Chinese and English publications, WANG J and LIU X stood out as the most prolific authors, respectively. Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine and the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, respectively, spearheaded the production of the highest volumes of publications in Chinese and English in this research area. The Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences served as the pivotal institution within the system of English-language publishing organizations. The keywords reveal that research in Polygalae Radix currently focuses on variety selection and breeding, the establishment of quality standards, the extraction and identification of active chemical components, the compatibility of prescriptions, processing methods, clinical medication rules, and the elucidation of pharmacological mechanisms. Molecular mechanisms of Polygalae Radix and its active constituents, their protective influence on brain nerves, the modulation of receptor pathways, alleviation of anxiety and Alzheimer's disease, plus data mining and clinical medication summaries, define the boundaries of current research. matrix biology The research on Polygalae Radix can benefit from this study's impact on defining the scope of future investigations and the leading edge of research in the area.